For my final project in Advanced Typography Class, I reinterpreted the fascinating little tome The Ten Commandments of Typography / Type Heresy: Breaking the Ten Commandments of Typography by Paul Felton. As the title suggests, this book looks at the rules of “good” typography and then turns those rules on their heads in the way of experimental typographers.

For my own interpretation of these rules, I chose to theme my book as if it were a collection of pages torn from different cookbooks. Each commandment and corresponding heresy are interpreted by the same recipe, with very different-looking results.

Also, the inner pages are die-cut in a staggered way so that the commandments can be read in sequence. As the pages are the turned, the list of heresies builds up in the same way. If I reproduce the book, I would like to lay very slightly translucent pages between each spread, so that list gradually “fades out.” As it is now, I feel like the layered list distracts from the page being looked at.

This book is difficult to photograph, so I’m including the digital version of each spread (minus the cutout). Click to see them larger!

Commandment I
Thou shalt not apply more than
three typefaces in a document.
heresy i
break the fetters imposed by the use of only
three typefaces… the lord gives fonts, so
use as many as you desire

Commandment II
Thou shalt lay headlines large
and at the top of the page.
heresy ii
let thine eyes be seduced by the hierarchy of
type… bolder fonts, even at the same size as
body copy, will attract the eye first


Commandment III
Thou shalt employ no other type
size than 8pt to 10pt for body copy.
heresy iii
do not forsake smaller or bigger sizes,
for their irregularity can make
text appear ever more alluring


Commandment IV
Remember that a typeface that is
not legible is not truly a typeface.
heresy iv
be seduced into trying new and expressive
typefaces, and break free from the
security of traditional fonts


Commandment V
Honor thy kerning: let white space be
visually equal between characters.
heresy v
treat kerning with total irreverence and
expose the devious space between letterforms


Commandment VI
Thou shalt lay stress discreetly
upon elements within text.
heresy vi
entice the reader to sample the delights of
your text, for what the lord wants hidden
can be full of pleasure


Commandment VII
Thou shalt not use only capitals
when setting vast body copy.
heresy vii
do not forgo the liberal use of capitals within
your text, for the geometric letterforms may
provide diabolically good outcomes


Commandment VIII
Thou shalt always align letters
and words on a baseline.
heresy viii
the lord designed letterforms to stand side
by side, but there is no harm in their
being lured away from each other


Commandment IX
Thou shalt use flush-left,
ragged-right type alignment.
heresy ix
yield to the temptation
to align text in unusual ways


Commandment X
Thou shalt not make lines too short or too long.
heresy x
lure the reader down unfamiliar paths
by varying the length of your text

This assignment confirms what I’ve always known – I struggle to break the rules! Though I did it technically, all the right hand pages are still pretty clean and traditional-looking. Another hurdle to overcome was using InDesign, Illustrator, AND Photoshop (for the template, type layout, and aged effects respectively) in the process of every spread. It can be done… but it requires a lot of planning. Finally, I underestimated the challenge of hand stitching all of the pages together, breaking several needles in the process! All of the exploration was fun nevertheless.



Our instructor, Beth Remsburg, gave us an option for our next-to-last Advanced Typography assignment: design a set of 26 Euchre playing cards, or a set of 26 miniature alphabet books.

For me, there was no contest. I have made playing cards before, and the examples she showed us were already too numerous and fabulous for me to think I had much to offer there.

Alphabet books, on the other hand… the assignment was nebulous enough that anything could result, maybe something really wonderful. I love books; miniature books are even better, and handmade miniature books are the best.

With the inspiring assignment in hand, the next thing I needed was a theme for my books. I felt it was time for another project that married art and spirituality. The exact theme came to me during my drive home from class: the Psalms!

When I arrived home, I grabbed a little blank book that was sitting unused on my shelf. I knew I would need dedicated, organized space for 26 psalms’ worth of sketches! On the first page of the book, I wrote out each letter of the alphabet. Then I opened my Bible to the start of the Psalms and asked the Holy Spirit to emphasize which ones I should use. I skimmed rapidly, intuitively, assigning psalms to letters, trusting that I was being guided.

Over the next couple weeks, I carried the little book around with me, taking every free moment to brainstorm and sketch letters to interpret verses. I began to feel more like a type designer as I adjusted curves and angles to make the letters express exactly what I felt the verses were saying.

At first, ideas flowed quickly. In the subsequent posts for each book, you can see my sketches if you click “Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes.” Once I had enough good sketches of one letter to fill a tiny six-page book, I began to interpret my ideas in color using Photoshop wet brush settings and a Wacom tablet. This is how I achieved the painted look.

At one week from the due date, I had the D book painted, A and B started, and complete sketches for maybe 3 other letters. It was looking like 26 books were not going to happen in 7 days. My instructor told me that I had already put more work into the assignment than she had anticipated, so whatever I came up in the end with would be fine.

As I looked through my book of sketches, I determined that the only letters with ideas ready to go were A, B, C, D, E, F, G, S, and Q. A rather unorthodox set, but I planned to execute at least those nine. Later, I felt prompted to drop S and Q. My grandiose visions of the 26-book set were sorely cut down, but then I realized that A through G would make a very nice set – they even line up with the letters of the musical scale. And Jesus knew all along that I would only be creating those seven, so no wonder He didn’t bother giving me ideas for the others. Here are some of the left-overs:

After having completed A through G, I feel that the concept and style have been pretty thoroughly explored. I don’t see myself ever continuing with this series, at least not in the same style.

I used some real fonts in the digital execution, but I also tried on the role of type designer. There were a number of times when I felt subtleties of expression that I could only convey by drawing the letter myself. That process was probably my favorite part of the entire project! I spent ridiculous amounts of time tracing, erasing, stroking, thickening, thinning, etc., until the shapes were just right.

Acquiring the right paper for this project was another adventure in itself! I benefitted from friendly connections with the RIS paper distribution house and took home more than enough free samples to complete the project. I wanted a felt finish (like watercolor paper) for the inside pages, and a variety of textures and colors for the covers.

After getting all the pages printed onto the felt paper, I spent a long afternoon cutting, scoring, and folding the pages into accordion books. The covers took even more time, but they ended up sturdy and wonderful! I then attempted the miniature bookcase, figuring it out as I went along. My measurements ended up being very inexact, but foam core is forgiving.

To puruse the contents of books individually, see subsequent posts:

Psalm 27, Brought to You by the Letter A

Psalm 116, Brought to You by the Letter B

Psalm 55, Brought to You by the Letter C

Psalm 91, Brought to You by the Letter D

Psalm 128, Brought to You by the Letter E

Psalm 32, Brought to You by the Letter F


Thanks to Beth Remsburg for the gorgeous photography!


The Lord is my light and my salvation — whom shall I fear?
The Lord is the stronghold of my life — of whom shall I be afraid?

. . .

One thing I ask of the Lord, this is what I seek:
that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life,
to gaze upon the beauty of the Lord and to seek him in his temple.

. . .

Hear my voice when I call, O Lord; be merciful to me and answer me.
My heart says of you, “Seek his face!” Your face, Lord, I will seek.

. . .

I am still confident of this: I will see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living.
Wait for the Lord; be strong and take heart and wait for the Lord.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Up next: Psalm 116, brought to you by the letter B.



The Lord is gracious and righteous; our God is full of compassion.
The Lord protects the simplehearted; when I was in great need, he saved me.
Be at rest once more, O my soul, for the Lord has been good to you.

. . .

For you, O Lord, have delivered my soul from death,
my eyes from tears, my feet from stumbling,
that I may walk before the Lord in the land of the living.

. . .

I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the Lord.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Up next: Psalm 55, featuring the diverse talents of C.



My heart is in anguish within me; the terrors of death assail me.
Fear and trembling have beset me; horror has overwhelmed me.
I said, “Oh, that I had the wings of a dove! I would fly away and be at rest —

. . .

I see violence and strife in the city. Day and night they prowl
about on its walls; malice and abuse are within it. Destructive forces
are at work in the city; threats and lies never leave its streets.

. . .

Let death take my enemies by surprise; let them go down alive to the grave,
for evil finds lodging among them. But I call to God, and the Lord saves me.
He ransoms me unharmed from the battle waged against me, even though many oppose me.

. . .

Cast your cares on the Lord and he will sustain you; he will never let the righteous fall.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Up next: the letter D’s interpretation of Psalm 91.



He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High will rest in the shadow of the Almighty.

. . .

He will cover you with his feathers, and under his wings you will find refuge;
his faithfulness will be your shield and rampart.

. . .

A thousand may fall at your side, ten thousand at your right hand, but it will not come near you.

. . .

For he will command his angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways;
they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Up next: Psalm 128 according to the letter E.



Blessed are all who fear the Lord,

. . .

who walk in his ways.

. . .

Blessings and prosperity will be yours.

. . .

Your wife will be like a fruitful vine within your house;
your sons will be like olive shoots around your table.

. . .

May the Lord bless you from Zion all the days of your life,
may you see the prosperity of Jerusalem,
and may you live to see your children’s children.
Peace be upon Israel.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Up next: Psalm 32 starring the letter F.



Blessed is he whose trangressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered.
Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord does not count
against him and in whose spirit is no deceit.

. . .

When I kept silent, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long.
For day and night your hand was heavy upon me;
my strength was sapped as in the heat of summer.

. . .

Then I acknowledged my sin to you and did not cover up my iniquity.
I said, “I will confess my trangressions to the Lord”
— and you forgave the guilt of my sin.

. . .

Rejoice in the Lord and be glad, you righteous;
sing, all you who are upright in heart!

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes

Finale: Psalm 103, brought to you by the letter G.



Praise the Lord, O my soul; all my inmost being, praise his holy name.
Praise the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits —

. . .

who forgives all your sins and heals all your diseases,
who redeems your life from the pit and crowns you with love and compassion,
who satisfies your desires with good things so that your youth is renewed like the eagle’s.

. . .

As a father has compassion on his children, so the Lord
has compassion on those who fear him; for he knows how
we are formed, he remembers that we are dust.

. . .

Praise the Lord, all his heavenly hosts, you his servants who do his will.

. . .

Praise the Lord, all his works everywhere in his dominion.

. . .

Praise the Lord, O my soul.

. . .

Behind-the-Scenes & Outtakes



The typeface Helvetica was developed in 1957 in Switzerland. 50 years later, Gary Hustwit made a documentary that interviews typographers. Their feelings for Helvetica range from amorous to dismissive. We watched the documentary in class, and then redesigned its DVD packaging – twice. The pieces on the left are modeled after pure Swiss design: clean lines, negative space, alignment to grid. The right-hand pieces represent “Swiss with a Twist.”

I had seen this documentary once before, but its rewatching became for me a startlingly spiritual experience. As I saw letterforms in the limelight and listened to the overflow of the most typographic souls alive today, my thirst to actually design type was intensified.

It is something of a mystery to me how and why Jesus would create such a seemingly inconsequential arena as well as people to engage and redeem it — but there’s no question in my mind that He did. My suspicion, then, is that typography is not inconsequential, that in fact there are depths to be explored in this discipline that will lead to revelation of the character of God. If that’s true, sign me up!!

You’ll want to check out the PDFs for close-ups and to read my ‘critical review’ of the documentary.

Pure Swiss PDF Swiss with a Twist PDF